What is Diamond

Diamond, also known as jewel, is a mineral composed of pure carbon. Diamond is the hardest substance in nature, so it has many important industrial uses, such as abrasive materials for lapping, high-hardness cutting tools, various drill bits, and wire drawing dies. Diamond is also used as a component of many precision instruments.

1. The composition of diamond:

As early as the 1st century AD, there were records of diamonds in documents. However, in the following 1600 years, people still did not know what the composition of diamonds was. It was not until the 1870s and 1990s that the French chemist Lavoisier (1743-1794) and others conducted experiments on burning diamond in oxygen, and found that carbon dioxide gas was obtained. It was proved that the material making up diamond is carbon.

2. The difference between diamond and graphite

Both graphite and diamond belong to the simple substance of carbon, but diamond and graphite are not the same substance, they are allotropes composed of the same elements. The difference is the physical structure characteristics. The chemical formula of both is C, and the regular hexagon formed by the graphite atoms is a plane structure and is in the shape of a sheet. There is a three-dimensional regular tetrahedron structure between the diamond atoms, which is a pyramid-shaped structure. It is this dense structure that makes diamond the greatest hardness. In other words, diamond is a mineral formed by squeezing carbon atoms.

3. The hardness of diamond

The hardness of diamond is generally expressed by Mohs hardness, and its hardness value is 10. The microhardness is 10000kg/mm2, the microhardness is 1000 times higher than that of quartz and 150 times higher than that of corundum. According to the Mohs hardness scale, it is divided into 10 grades, and diamond (diamond) is the highest grade 10; for example, the hardness of a knife is about 5.5, copper coins are about 3.5 to 4, nails are about 2 to 3, and glass hardness is about 2 to 3. is 6.

4. Industrial diamond

Diamonds are divided into natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds by their generation methods, and synthetic diamonds are generally used for making diamond tools. Also known as industrial diamond. Its density is 3.52g/cm3, and its mass unit is generally expressed in "carat", 1 carat = 0.2 grams. The particle size (particle size) of synthetic diamond is generally expressed by "mesh". The common particle sizes of synthetic diamond are 25/30, 30/40, 40/45, 45/50, 50/60, 60/70…